What is TPMS?
TPMS is the abbreviation of Control System of Pressure of Tires (in English: Tire Pressure Monitoring System).TPMS is an in-built system for monitoring tire pressure in vehicles.Automatic indication and direct as a warning on the display when a problem occurs in one or more tires due to pressure loss.
Goal:
Increase driving safety and decrease accidents, because an incorrect tire pressure extends the braking distance, makes it difficult to make curves and you can warm up the tires.Avoidance of a high consumption of fuel due to an inadequate pressure of the tires.Reduction of wear of the tyre due to increased rolling resistance and also the emissions of CO2.
Advantages:
The driver receives immediate feedback about problems from pressure in the tires.The issues can be resolved early.It suppresses the manual control of the air pressure.
Specifications for temporary equipment with a TPMS:
From the 1st November 2012, all types of cars and motor homes new sold in the EU must be equipped with a TPMS.From the 1st of November 2014, all cars and motorhomes in the EU should have the initial registration of a TPMS.
What features should have the TPMS?
During the manufacture of the vehicle shall integrate a TPMS direct or indirect, a subsequent installation will be considered as not according to standards.
Characteristics of the TPMS according to EU legislation:
Warning of loss of pressure in a single tire (within a period of 10 minutes):
20% lower than the operating pressure (P hot) to 1.5 bars.Warning of loss of pressure in all four tyres (sudden loss and progressive):
20% lower than the operating pressure (P hot) to 1.5 bars.Determination of the pressure loss at speeds from 40 km/h until the maximum speed of driving of the vehicle.Data transmission 434 MHz
What is TPMS indirect?
During the manufacture of the vehicle shall integrate a TPMS direct or indirect, a subsequent installation will be considered as not according to standards. If, during an inspection of primary is detected, TPMS not suitable due to a minor flaw in accordance with Section 29 of the Regulation German Licenses for road traffic (StVZO), the owner/driver of the vehicle should solve this problem immediately.
Characteristics of the TPMS according to EU legislation:
Warning of loss of pressure in a single tire (within a period of 10 minutes):
20% lower than the operating pressure (P hot) to 1.5 bars.Warning of loss of pressure in all four tyres (sudden loss and progressive):
20% lower than the operating pressure (P hot) to 1.5 bars.Determination of the pressure loss at speeds from 40 km/h until the maximum speed of driving of the vehicle.Data transmission 434 MHz
What is TPMS indirect?
Use of sensors already existing in the ESP/ABS for the determination of the tire pressure using the rotational speed of the same and the send the data to the central control unit (ECU = Electronic Control Unit).
In case of pressure loss:
Determining a greater speed of rotation of the tire through the system.Indication on the display as a warning to the driver.
Comparison with the TPMS direct:
Less accurate (e.g. it does not indicate the loss of exact pressure or temperature measurement).Less comfort (e.g. does not perform the measurement of the tire pressure if the vehicle is stopped).Any extra effort on the tyre changes, because it should not be taken into account any sensor in the tires.
What is TPMS direct?
Monitoring of the tire pressure with the help of sensors in each tire, which measure the pressure and the temperature, send the recorded data by radio to a central receiver, data processing, indication on the display of the driver.
Compared with the TPMS-indirect:
Acquisition of data very accurate.Additional functions, such as detection of the position of a tire pressure measurement to be stopped and monitoring of the spare wheel.Additional major costs for maintenance and change of tyre.It requires substantial changes in the workshops, e.g. for maintenance, installation and programming of the TPMS sensors.Equipment of all tires (winter, summer and spare) with a sensor functional.

What areas affect the TPMS system?
In the following situations the owner/driver of the vehicle or the workshop visited comes in contact with the TPMS direct:
Diagnosis when the warning lamp lights up on the displayMaintenance, repair, or change of sensorsTire changeTire mountingGame of complete wheelsRepairs of tyresVerifications of service (e.g. inspection main TÜV)
Consequences for the owner/driver of the vehicle:
Due to the complex technology of the TPMS, for the owner/driver of the vehicle is very difficult to perform the service of the tire by itself. When you turn on the warning signal (e.g. in case of tire or bad sensor) and for the change of the tire, the same must resort to a workshop that has the corresponding service.
Consequences for the workshop:
Therefore, for the workshops it is absolutely necessary to prepare for the new technology and take measures early to provide services to clients with TPMS in the vehicle, and position itself as a specialist in this area of the market.
Currently there are numerous vehicles with a TPMS direct in the market, reason for which the workshops will be confronted with the software and the service orders to customers before 1 November 2014.
In the next few years will further increase the number of vehicles with a TPMS. All of these vehicles need sensors spare to equip winter tyres, which results in a huge sales potential of the relevant services.
In addition to the necessary know-how, the workshops must have appropriate tools (for example, to diagnose problems or to program the sensors) and spare parts (e.g. seals, valves, or sensors full).
Information for assembly partners
What modifications will be necessary for the contact with the customer?
The client should be informed about:
The technology and the requirements of the TPMS.The largest expenditure of time for the service of the tires on vehicles with TPMS.The highest price for the service tires with TPMS.Schedule an appointment to determine if the vehicle has or does not have TPMS direct.Creating a timeline (to calculate the increased expenditure for the assembly of tires with TPMS).Preparation of the necessary spare parts (e.g. sensors or replacement service kits).
Qualification / training of employees:
Clear communication to customers of the principle of operation of the TPMS.Comprehensive explanation to the customer of the specification during the service of the tires.Explanation to the client of all action taken.Documentation of the status of the input and output of the TPMS.Reasons verifiable by the client with respect to the higher price of the tire service because of the major expenses (time, know-how, technical equipment, e.g. programming tool, maintenance of valves and sensors).
What is needed for the TPMS? What investments should be made?
To be prepared to serve customers with a TPMS direct in the vehicle, are necessary the following measures:
Enough Stock of original sensors of the vehicle specific or universal sensors are not pre-programmed.Enough Stock of valves and service kits the spare parts necessary for the maintenance of the sensors during tire changes (valve core, cap, nut, gasket).Special tools, e.g. screwdriver valve to achieve the proper torque during the placement of the valve.Diagnostic tools/programming for diagnostics of problems, for programming and eventually learning handbook of sensors and the central control unit.Qualified personnel as a precondition for the assembly/disassembly right wheel in a vehicle with TPMS direct.
How can you prepare staff for the new requirements arising from the TPMS?
TPMS direct requires modifications in the work processes of the workshop, for both maintenance and services in the tires.
The important thing is to prepare employees for these changes, so as to cater satisfactorily to the customers and to not commit errors of advice or processing in the TPMS. It is recommended the participation of employees in special training to become familiar with the operation of the TPMS. There are various providers of training in TPMS.
What sensors can be used in the TPMS (e.g. to replace a faulty sensor)?
Each manufacturer may use a type of sensor different in the original equipment of the vehicle. For this reason, there are currently more than 150 models of different sensors on the market.
Requirements:
The sensors installed must be pre programmed to the vehicle.The vehicle and the sensor must be compatible, that is, not the entire sensor can be mounted in any vehicle.For the replacement of a sensor, or for winter tires/spare there is the possibility to use either original sensors or universal sensors are not pre-programmed.
The original sensors are already pre-programmed with the specific details of the vehicle, therefore the sensor can only be used in some specified vehicles. Due to the large number of different sensors and to serve the customer satisfactorily, in the workshop need to increase the stock of parts and the capital associated (in the store should always have at least 4 units of the main sensors original).
The universal sensors are not programmed can be integrated without difficulty in most vehicles. Therefore, to meet the needs of the clients is not necessary to maintain a number of sensors as in the case of the original sensors (just a stock basic universal sensors). However, for the universal sensors is also required a special tool of programming, so that programming of the sensor is specific to the vehicle. Using this tool, the first step is to consult the technical specifications of the vehicle and the position of the tire in which sand found the sensor to be programmed (e.g. front left). To continue, the sensor original is detected by the programming device (depending on the software, e.g. by entering the sensor ID or by automatic capture by inserting the sensor the original), and the collected data are used to program the new sensor. So to say, it mimics the sensor original. In the case of not having available a sensor original old, you can create a new sensor ID using the programming tool.
What changes in the development of work resulting from the TPMS during tire service?
Maintenance of the sensors in the wheels of a vehicle with TPMS live in each turn of the wheel.To avoid corrosion of the valve and the sensor: replacement of the wear parts of the valve core, nut, seal and cap by using service kits..Determination of the load of the battery with the help of diagnostic tools/programming.Replacement batteries with little or no load due to the depletion of the battery of a sensor (it varies from 4 to 10 years).Analysis and resolution of the problems indicated in the display by the lighting of the warning lamp (by pressure loss or defect of a sensor, e.g. a low battery, corrosion or breakage of the sensor of the valve).Considering that a TPMS is not suitable for work, the shop must be in a position to repair this fault.
Recommendation for the development of the work if the customer wants a diagnosis and the solution of the problem by turning on the warning lamp, or the maintenance of their TPMS, or a service of a tire (e.g. tyre change, assembly/disassembly):
Check the warning lamp and the indication on the display of the vehicle - if the lamp turns on should be to make a diagnosis, whether it is a system error or a loss of air pressure (see vehicle handbook).Control of the valve (is the seal damaged? do you notice corrosion?).Scanning the sensors using a diagnostic tool/programming.Documentation of the results of the scan (initial state of the TPMS of the vehicle).Execution of the customer order, e.g. change the wheel, replacement of tires or sensors, maintenance of the valve. If necessary: manual learning of the sensors (new) in the vehicle and check for the TPMS.Documentation of the final state of the TPMS of the vehicle (the state of the TPMS should not be worse than the initial state) and information to the client.
Note: as suitability of the operation of the TPMS is part of the authorization of activity, the workshop must ensure the functionality after each intervention. The corresponding documentation of the status of the TPMS before and after you perform maintenance, diagnosis and execute the customer's order constitutes a protection in the framework of the liability and the warranty.
How do you mount the sensors on the wheel?
For mounting or dismounting suitable for the sensors you need a special tool. These tools simplify the assembly/disassembly of the sensors and ensure that the nut and the valve for holding the same to be tightened with the correct torque.
Inside the tire, the sensors are placed through certain valves of tires:
To the subject can be chosen between a valve aluminum or a valve of snap-fit (valve rubber), so that for both types of valves there are special models of sensors (to ensure compatibility between valve and sensor). As a general rule, a valve of snap-fit is more cost-effective and simple mounting for a valve of aluminum. However, due to the centrifugal forces acting from a top speed of 210 km/h, the valve snaps cannot be used. For these high speeds must be used a valve of aluminum. At each change of tire should be a maintenance of the valve, replacing the myma the core, the cover, the nut, the washer and the board. For this maintenance kits are available for special service, which contain some of the necessary spare parts.
Valve snaps:
SensorValve rubberTorx screw (thread cutting)Valve core (nickel-plated)Valve cover (plastic)
Valve made of aluminum:
Valve, with a housing of the sensor coated by extrusionRubber gasketUnion nut threadedValve core (nickel-plated)Valve cover (plastic)
What should be observed to the order and / or the creation of a complete set of wheels?
In a vehicle with TPMS direct account must be taken of the following:
Given that all tyres must be equipped with sensors, for the creation of a complete set of wheels for this vehicle must be mounted a sensor in the same.The original sensors are already programmed specifically for the vehicle and, without additional programming, can be mounted on the wheel and then in the vehicle.On the contrary, the universal sensors need to be programmed with a special diagnostic tool/programming, so as to transfer specific details of the vehicle to the sensor and be compatible with the TPMS of the vehicle. Depending on the programming tool in which you invested the workshop, the sensors must be programmed before the creation of the complete set of wheels, or can be programmed later by radio.
How do you recognize the vehicle sensors (new)?
As the sensors are programmed and mounted within the wheel, it must be ensured that the vehicle to recognize the sensor, and the communication between the same and the device is working properly. For this purpose, the sensors of the receiver (central control unit and data processing of the TPMS) must be activated when using a new sensor ID or the original position of the wheel has been modified.
There are three types of learning/programming of a new sensor (depending on vehicle features):
Self-learning of the vehicle: during a trip of 10 minutes at a speed between 35-100 km/h the vehicle reads out the sensor automatically and the warning lamp is automatically switched off (e.g. with Mercedes, Opel, VW, Ford, Mazda, Hyundai).Learning manual by the owner/driver of the vehicle through the menu: default process found in the manual of the vehicle (e.g. Audi, Mercedes, BMW, Porsche).Learning through specific programming tools/diagnostics: sensors are taught by a connection between the programming tool and interface OBDII (= On Board Diagnose Interface) (e.g. Renault, Citroen, Peugeot, Nissan, Opel, Fiat and Lancia). This interface is also used for the diagnosis of problems when it is switched on the warning lamp.
What programming tools/diagnostic exist for TPMS?
There are different types of programming tools/diagnostics with many different functions, in a price range between 500-1500 euros.
To make the diagnosis, the tools come in contact by radio with the sensors, thus allowing to visualize the failure of the TPMS on the display of the tool. As a general rule, only devices of the class of highest prices have the function of establishing a direct interface with the OBD and make the learning of the new sensors. For the programming of universal sensors with the typical data of the vehicle and the creation of a new ID or cloned to the sensor, the use of a programming tool is inevitable. By using some tools it is even possible to enter in contact with the sensors already mounted and reprogram them.
Tools pre-service: is mainly used for diagnosis (partly with programming ability), have a display small, allow the transmission of data to a PC using the USB device, particularly designed as a system of initial level with only a few diagnoses (and programming) possible.PAD (Programming Accessory Devices): reading and programming of sensors which must be directly in contact with the PAD (insertion of the sensor). Using a USB GAMEPAD connected to a PC, which is used as a display.
All-in-one: programming by radio in a matter of seconds by way of limitation of ID's of sensors existing, or creation of a new ID, diagnosis simple, fast radio, you can create frequently a interface OBD, data can be transmitted automatically to a PC (additional functions as e.g. printing reports), which is recommended for workshops with average number of visits.
Advantages and disadvantages of TPMS for the work
Advantages
Disadvantages
Additional revenue through new services (e.g. extra service of tires, maintenance of the TPMS) and spare parts (e.g. new sensors, service kits).Customers with TPMS direct and tires summer and winter come to the workshop at least two times per year.Improvement of the relationship with the customer through periodic contact with the same and a possibility to offer additional services.
Extension of service times into a vehicle with TPMS direct.In high season it must be solved the problem of being able to run a lesser amount of orders per day due to the higher consumption of time for processing the same.Solution: compensation of the increased consumption of time by using a good previous work, e.g. through telephone consultations with the client about the order, or the provision of accurate and timely materials.
Increase of the importance of the workshops for the service of tires (e.g. the owner/driver of the vehicle is difficult to perform by itself the change of a tire with TPMS direct).
Customers may be shocked with the price increases, or not be willing to pay, which has as a consequence the use of the same tyres all year round or to dispense with the maintenance of the TPMS.Solution: better understanding of the additional costs through good advice and information to the customer about the TPMS, making reference to the legal provisions and also emphasizing the security aspect.
Competitive advantage through specialization as a workshop for TPMS by means of a differentiation of the supply of services, know-how and service.
The errors in the management of the technology TPMS for lack of know-how can lead to a bad reputation and claims for damages.Solution: the qualification of staff using learning own, trainings or trainings, good transmission and communication of information among employees to boost the know-how.
Summary of the preparation for the TPMS
The obligation of TPMS makes the workshops face many changes and challenges, especially in view of the technology of the TPMS direct. The development of the market in relation to the dissemination of the TPMS is very positive, which is advantageous in an early preparation for the management of this technology.
The following points are very useful for the preparation of the work with the TPMS direct:
Good preparation for discussions with the client (determination of vehicle data, TPMS direct/indirect, information about the TPMS, communication and explanation of the additional costs).Preparation of personnel for the new technology.Investment in sensors and appropriate diagnostic tools/programming.Achievement of competitive advantages through communication to the customers of the services TPMS.Optimization and adaptation of the internal processes for tire service.Adaptation of the delivery times and prices for the service of tires on vehicles with TPMS direct.Documentation of the status of the TPMS before and after the work.
Information to customers with complete sets of wheels
When do I affect the obligation of the TPMS?
If you drive a car or a mobile home you must know the following:
From the 1st November 2012, all types of cars and motor homes new sold in the EU must be equipped with a TPMS.From the 1st of November 2014, all cars and motorhomes in the EU should have the initial registration of a TPMS.
Why are the repairs of tires may not be made for the services of roadside assistance?

The use of elements of relief, such as e.g. sprays for puncture, can cause chemical reactions that can damage the sensor and the tyres.
Where can I get the technology?
The TPMS is direct or indirect are to be mounted during the manufacture of the vehicle. In the event that a manufacturer does not mount a TPMS in the vehicle does not require a subsequent installation, because the vehicle is not subject to the mandatory TPMS.
Any workshop that provide services for the TPMS can inform you about replacement parts, such as e.g., a service kit for maintenance of the valve, or a sensor replacement.
Please note that due to the complex technology of the TPMS, it is advisable to visit a qualified specialist workshop that has the programming tools appropriate for the tire change, and for jobs of maintenance in case of problems (e.g. warning on the display).
What happens if I want to/I need to change a tire (puncture, tear, tires winter/summer)?
During a service of tires with TPMS direct should always be checked the sensors.
The vehicles with the obligation of use of the TPMS must equip all the tyres with sensors.
In the event that you need to mount a new tire on the vehicle, you must also be mounted with a sensor compatible with the TPMS in the vehicle.
Can I mount my tires with TPMS direct?
During the service a tire with TPMS direct is to observe the following:
Need for maintenance of the valve at every tyre change, to prevent wear on the sensor.With new tires: new learning of the sensors on the vehicle due to a new ID of the sensor or to a change in the position of the wheel, so as to ensure a communication without any difficulty between the sensor and the receiver in the TPMS.Due to the new technical requirements the mounting by its own account is difficult, which is why it is advisable to go to an expert/workshop for the service of the tires.
My car has no TPMS, what should I do to mount one later?
In the case of vehicles subject to the obligation of the TPMS, during the manufacture of the same is installed a TPMS, whether direct or indirect, because not being so such vehicles will not receive a type-approval nor will they be registered within the EU.
The subsequent installation of a TPMS is not mandatory.
What happens if my TPMS is not working properly?
In the case of that the display of the vehicle display a warning sign, should I go to a workshop as quickly as possible, since this implies that, or the TPMS is faulty, or there is a loss of air pressure.
A TPMS is defective is assessed as a minor defect, which, however, the owner/driver of the vehicle must be repaired immediately due to their relevance to security.
What should I do if my vehicle communicates a loss of pressure?
Should be sought without delay to a workshop or to park the vehicle and get in touch with repair service, as there is a tyre defective and the driving safety is no longer assured.
How can I do the maintenance of my TPMS?
The valves and sensors are subject to natural wear and tear, so it should be maintained periodically (recommendation: at each tyre change).
The maintenance can be done by a workshop with service of TPMS.
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