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What is the TPMS Tyre Pressure Monitoring System
What is the TPMS Tyre Pressure Monitoring System? The TPMS Tire Pressure Monitoring System is a basic safety system device used to monitor tire pressure levels.
From November 1st 2014 new vehicles sold in the European market will be required to be fitted with, amongst other things, stability control and TPMS. This acronym stands for Tyre Pressure Monitoring System and is a device which, together with airbags, seat belts, ABS, etc., forms part of the basic safety systems.
As the name suggests, this system is used to warn the driver if one of the wheels is not under pressure. On simpler models a warning is simply displayed on the dashboard with a tyre symbol or the letters TPMS in orange, but does not indicate which of the four pressure drops has occurred. The more comprehensive ones indicate exactly which tyre needs our attention and even provide information on the pressure and temperature of each wheel in the trip computer when we check it.
How TPMS works
As in life itself, there are two ways to get information: by asking the person you want to know about directly or by asking a third person. The same applies to the TPMS system; there are two types of devices:
Indirect measurement - a low pressure wheel has less diameter than one with the correct pressure so it has to turn more to cover the same distance. Through the ABS sensors the TPMS can detect which wheel is spinning more than normal and 'assume' that it has a pressure drop. Directly measured - The device mounts a pressure sensor on each tire. There are several types, usually attached to the valve itself but they can even be attached to the tire rubber inside the tread. They have a small battery built in for operation. Each sensor measures the pressure and temperature of each wheel and transmits the information to the control unit by radio at a frequency of 433 MHz.
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What can go wrong with the TPMS?
No more sensor battery - most TPMS system problems focus on sensor battery drain. It has an average life of 3-7 years. Hitting the edge - kerbs can damage the sensor pressure plate. Impact when removing the tire - When removing the old tire for replacement the mechanic must be careful to insert the tire lever to avoid hitting or damaging the sensor.
Control unit deprogramming - Sometimes when the battery is completely empty, when changing the battery, or when starting with tweezers, the control unit loses the sensor coding.
To prevent my car from accidentally picking up the pressure from the sensors of the car next to it at traffic lights (remember that they all communicate by radio on the same frequency), the ECU recognizes those of each wheel because they are coded, it's like the ID of each sensor. When the ECU is deprogrammed, it no longer recognizes its sensors, which requires a recoding with a specific diagnostic device.
Frequency Locks: If you park in an area with frequency locks or under a strong magnetic field (e.g. near a high voltage tower), specific errors may occur in the system, but after leaving this area of influence, it should work correctly again.
Air loss: Valves with a built-in sensor usually have a metal collar, unlike normal valves, which are rubber and seal against the edge hole. This is done to prevent the valve from swinging at high speed. Because they are metal, they require a rubber ring for sealing and have a torque. You should check the valve from time to time and replace the O-ring if it leaks.
False alarms: Sometimes when we park the car with one wheel in the sun and the rest in the shade, the heat can make the pressure on this wheel increase and cause alarms that are not real. Usually the alarm disappears as soon as we start rolling and the temperatures flatten out.
Maintaining your TPMS system
Because it is a system with virtually no mechanical elements there is not much a user can do to maintain it properly but there are two things we can do and try to avoid at all costs:
Avoid crashes and kerbs: Vibrations and strong impacts can damage the sensors, so avoid them as much as possible. Check the valve caps: There is an absurd way to steal the valve caps; my advice is to use plastic jets to avoid temptation. It is important that no water, dirt or dog urine enters the valve mechanism, which can damage both the valve seal and the electronic sensor itself.
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